Caracterización de patrones alimentarios al inicio de la pandemia por covid 19 en chile / Characterization of the dietary profile of the old adults in Ibero-american during of pandemic by COVID 19

Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil alimentario de las Personas Mayores de Iberoamérica en tiempos de pandemia por COVID 19.Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico en 12 países de Iberoamérica, se aplicó una encuesta en línea que incluyó preguntas sociodemográficas y un cuestionario de Ingesta de Alimentos que incluyo la frecuencia de consumo para verduras, bebidas azucaradas, legumbres, lácteos y porción de los alimentos.Resultados: La muestra quedó conformada por 624 participantes, 72,1% (n= 450) de mujeres. El 54,7% de mujeres no consume bebidas azucaradas, en cambio en hombres un 54% consume al menos un vaso al día (p=0,012). El 35,6% de hombres consumieron ≥3 por semana legumbres versus el 23% mujeres (p=0,020). El 37,3% de las mujeres consumen ≥2 porciones diarias de lácteos, en hombres solo un 28,1% (p= 0,030). Las mujeres presentan un mayor consumo de verduras (44,7%, n= 201) respecto de los hombres (28,7%), (p=0,001). El 17,4% de la muestra total aumentó el tamaño de la porción de alimentos, sin do mayor en mujeres (p=0.005).Conclusión: Las mujeres presentan hábitos alimentarios más saludables que los hombres en base a frutas, verduras, por otra parte, la variación del tamaño se observa un incremento en especial en mujeres lo que puede relacionarse con el aumento de la obesidad.(AU)

Objective: To characterize the food profile of the OlderPeople of Ibero-America in times of the COVID 19 pandemic.Material and methods: Multicenter study in 12 Ibero-American countries, an online survey was applied thatincluded sociodemographic questions and a Food Intakequestionnaire that included the frequency of consumption forvegetables, sugary drinks, legumes, dairy products andportion of food.Results: The sample was made up of 624 participants,72.1% (n= 450) of women. 54.7% of women do not consumesugary drinks, while in men 54% consume at least one glassa day (p=0.012). 35.6% of men consumed ≥3 legumes perweek versus 23% of women (p=0.020). 37.3% of womenconsume ≥2 daily servings of dairy products, in men only28.1% (p= 0.030). Women have a higher consumption ofvegetables (44.7%, n= 201) compared to men (28.7%),(p=0.001). 17.4% of the total sample increased the size ofthe food portion, being higher in women (p=0.005).Conclusion: Women have healthier eating habits thanmen based on fruits, vegetables, on the other hand, thevariation in size increases, especially in women.(AU)

Methodologies for Monitoring the Digital Marketing of Foods and Beverages Aimed at Infants, Children, and Adolescents (ICA): A Scoping Review.

While television has been the most widely used medium for food and beverage marketing, companies are shifting in favor of digital media. The ubiquitous digital marketing of breast-milk substitutes (BMS) and foods and beverages high in saturated fat, salt, and/or free sugars (FBHFSS) has been considered a powerful environmental determinant of inadequate dietary practices during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The scoping review's aim was to systematically identify and map the types of methodologies available to monitor the digital marketing of foods and beverages targeting infants, children, and adolescents (ICA) worldwide. Research evidence published from 2011 to October 2021 was examined using search strategies including multiple databases and citation tracking. A total of 420 sources were evaluated, and 28 studies from 81 countries meeting the inclusion criteria were retained. Most of the studies (n = 24) documenting methodologies to monitor inappropriate digital marketing were published since 2015 and were primarily aimed at identifying the promotional techniques and nutritional content of FBHFSS targeting adolescents (n = 13). It is paramount to develop a feasible and scalable monitoring system to develop effective policies to protect parents and ICA from BMS and FBHSFF digital marketing.

Effects of Dietary Glucose and Fructose on Copper, Iron, and Zinc Metabolism Parameters in Humans.

Alterations of transition metal levels have been associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome in humans. Studies in animals indicate an association between dietary sugars and copper metabolism. Our group has conducted a study in which young adults consumed beverages sweetened with glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), or aspartame for two weeks and has reported that consumption of both fructose- and HFCS-sweetened beverages increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. Baseline and intervention serum samples from 107 participants of this study were measured for copper metabolism (copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ceruloplasmin protein), zinc levels, and iron metabolism (iron, ferritin, and transferrin) parameters. Fructose and/or glucose consumption were associated with decreased ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity and serum copper and zinc concentrations. Ceruloplasmin protein levels did not change in response to intervention. The changes in copper concentrations were correlated with zinc, but not with iron. The decreases in copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ferritin, and transferrin were inversely associated with the increases in metabolic risk factors associated with sugar consumption, specifically, apolipoprotein CIII, triglycerides, or post-meal glucose, insulin, and lactate responses. These findings are the first evidence that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages can alter clinical parameters of transition metal metabolism in healthy subjects.

Efficient succinic acid production from high-sugar-content beverages by Actinobacillus succinogenes.

This study presents the production of succinic acid (SA) by Actinobacillus succinogenes using high-sugar-content beverages (HSCBs) as feedstock. The aim of this study was the valorization of a by-product stream from the beverage industry for the production of an important building block chemical, such as SA. Three types of commercial beverages were investigated: fruit juices (pineapple and ace), syrups (almond), and soft drinks (cola and lemon). They contained mainly glucose, fructose, and sucrose at high concentration-between 50 and 1,000 g/L. The batch fermentation tests highlighted that A. succinogenes was able to grow on HSCBs supplemented with yeast extract, but also on the unsupplemented fruit juices. Indeed, the bacteria did not grow on the unsupplemented syrup and soft drinks because of the lack of indispensable nutrients. About 30-40 g/L of SA were obtained, depending on the type of HSCB, with yield ranging between 0.75 and 1.00 gSA /gS . The prehydrolysis step improved the fermentation performance: SA production was improved by 6-24%, depending on the HSCB, and sugar conversion was improved of about 30-50%.